Risks associated with chemicals and waste management in industry remain a major concern. In developing countries, the health impact of chemical exposure remains real and poses a public health problem. This study aimed to assess the risks to which workers at an oil and soap production unit in the city of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso) were exposed. This was a cross-sectional study conducted from April 15, 2011, to July 15, 2011. Data was collected using a multi-part questionnaire and direct observation of work situations. The study population consisted of 30 male workers. Our results showed that 10% of workers received vocational training before starting work. Dust, hexane, caustic soda, and sulfuric acid were listed as chemicals to which workers were exposed and which posed a risk of poisoning. Also, 47% of the population had shown at least one sign of toxicity following exposure to a chemical used in industry. The protective measures designed to minimize the toxic risk to workers were not suited to the working conditions. Activities carried out in the oil and soap industry exposed workers to numerous toxic risk factors. Training workers and installing protective equipment are measures that must be taken to ensure worker safety.